The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in Enhancing Physical Fitness Components in Physical Education Classes
Kata Kunci:
Cooperative Learning; Physical Fitness; Physical Education; Physical Activity; Student Engagement.Abstrak
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cooperative learning in enhancing students' physical fitness components in physical education classes. A quasi-experimental design employing a pretest-posttest control group approach was used. A total of 32 students participated in the study and were divided into an experimental group (n = 16), which received cooperative learning instruction, and a control group (n = 16), which received conventional instruction. The physical fitness components assessed included flexibility, agility, muscular strength, speed, and balance. Data were collected through physical fitness tests administered before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and independent-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings revealed that the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in all measured physical fitness components compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Cooperative learning enhanced students’ active participation, peer interaction, learning motivation, and opportunities for meaningful practice. These results indicate that cooperative learning is an effective instructional strategy for improving students’ physical fitness in physical education settings. Therefore, physical education teachers are encouraged to incorporate cooperative learning strategies into their instructional practices to maximize students’ physical and social development.
Unduhan
Referensi
Abdel Aziz, H. A. (2016). Programmed education philosophy, principles, tools, and applications. Dar El-Fikr.
Abdel Hamid, S. M. A. (2021). Effect of a teaching program using blended learning on long jump learning among elementary school pupils. Physical Education Research Journal, 70(135), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.21608/MBTR.2021.83260.1039
Al-Dasouqi, M. M., Radi, M. A., Mustafa, I. A., & Al-Sayyid, M. A. H. (2021). Effect of the use of educational software for deaf students on learning a movement sentence in sports shows. Physical Education Research Journal, 7(135), 230–256. https://doi.org/10.21608/MBTR.2021.87880.1044
Al-Haliq, M. A., Oudat, M. A., & Abu Al-Taieb, M. (2014). The effect of using video on developing physical fitness of physical education students at the Hashemite University. Asian Social Science, 10(1), 21–27.
Al-Khalaf, M., & Diabat, M. (2013). The effect of using command and reciprocal teaching styles in learning basic skills for beginners in table tennis. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, 40(3), 1055–1067. https://journals.ju.edu.jo/DirasatEdu/article/view/4565
Al-Noubani, S. (2015). Effect of using certain teaching strategies on the development of certain basic skills with Olympic Center players, Jarash (Master’s thesis, Yarmouk University).
Al-Qawqzeh, S. (2018). Effect of an educational program using computers on learning certain floor movement skills in gymnastics. Al-Manara Research and Studies Journal, 24(4), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.33985/0531-024-004-004
Al-Wadyan, H., & Al-Numan, N. (2014). Effect of using the practical strategy on learning back crawl swimming among students of the Faculty of Physical Education at Yarmouk University. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference: Quality Standards and Their Contribution to Arab Sports Development (pp. xx–xx). University of Baghdad.
Azizeh, M. A. (2015). History of the origin and development of gymnastics: A historical research. Faculty of Physical Education Journal, 27(4), 450–464.
Enad, I. Y. (2020). Effect of the programmed education method according to linear and branching programming in learning the accuracy of long-distance jump shooting among basketball students. European Journal for Sports Science Technology, 27, 18–40. https://doi.org/10.38005/0880-000-027-002
Hassoun, F. (2018). Effect of programmed learning in teaching pupils certain simple floor movements in gymnastics. Sports Sciences Journal, 11(1), 234–247.
Hussein, H. M., & Al-Hayyani, N. Q. (2019). Effect of programmed education by the linear method on developing endurance of performance speed in football rolling skills. Physical Education Sciences Journal, 12(2), 14–27.
Ibrahim, M. (2012). Educational curriculum and the challenges of the age (2nd ed.). A'alam Al-Kotob.
Khataibeh, A. S., Al-Khalaf, M. T., & Rmaili, Z. (2021). Effect of using computers in learning and retaining certain floor movements in gymnastics among lower basic stage students. Al-Yarmouk Research Journal: Human and Social Sciences Series, 30(2), 283–300. https://journals.yu.edu.jo/ayhss/Issues/Vol30No22021.pdf
Maniesi, A. F. (2022). Effect of the use of smart line technology on teaching scoring skills in handball among secondary school students in Qatar (Master’s thesis, Mutah University).
Mosston, M., & Ashworth, S. (1999). Teaching physical education (4th ed.). Benjamin Cummings.
Oudat, M. A. (2002). Effect of the use of instructional and practical teaching methods on the behaviors of physical education teachers: A comparative study (Master’s thesis, Yarmouk University).
Oudat, M. A. (2012). Comparative study of the impact of some teaching styles applied on certain physical and skill variables in basketball for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the Hashemite University. International Journal of Academic Research Part B, 4(6), 83–89.
Oudat, M. A. (2019). The extent of applying effective teaching skills in teaching physical education. Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(10), 1507–1514. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.510.1507.1514
Oudat, M. A., & Al-Luwaici, N. M. (2022). The extent of physical education teachers’ use of the remedial teaching method. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(6), 5627–5635.
Oudat, M. A., Thiyabat, M. K., & Ismaiel, G. I. (2022). The effect of the practical strategy on the acquisition of some physical attributes. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(6), 1210–1216.
Vrnadakis, N., Zetou, E., Tsitskari, E., Giannousi, M., & Kioumourtzoglou, E. (2008). Student attitudes and learning outcomes of multimedia computer-assisted versus traditional instruction in basketball. Education and Information Technologies, 13(2), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-008-9061-0
